Dasha Mahabidhyas : feminine divinity
Sidddhilakxmi, Nepal
THE DASHA
MAHABIDHAYAS
Shaktism is worship of female
dignity. Like Astamatrikas & Navadurga in Shaktism, Mahabidhya is also important
part of Shaktism. They are also called as Dasha Mahabidhyas because this group
have ten powerful goddess. This group is worship as part of Mahashakti or
Paramshakti because Parvati is consider as complete incarnation of Mahashakti.
And Parvati or Satya Devi is ponder as origin point of Mahabidhya. This group of goddess played very important role to develop tantrik sect in Shaktism.
According to one shloka of
Mundamala tantra (मुण्डमालातन्त्रे) these dasa mahabidhyas are part of lord Vishnu. This text
refer all Dasaavatar of Vishnu as Dashamahabidhya. Therefore, It mention Krishna
is Kali, Ram is Tara , Baraha is Bhubaneshwori, Nirshinga is Bhairavi, Baman is
Dhumabati, Pasu ram is Chinnamasta, Matshya is Kamala, Kurma is Bagalamukhi,
Buddha is Matangi and Kalki is Sodashi. Whereas follower of Shaktism consider these Dasa Avatar were emerge from these Mahabidhyas or power source of Dasa avatar.
However, most of people believe the
story of Satya Devi and Mahadev (Husband & wife). According to this story, Dakshyprajapati,
Father of Satya Devi held one Yagha (kind of worshipping). He invited all gods
along with his daughters who were married to those gods. However, he didn’t
invite Mahadev and Sati in this huge yaghya because Dashya was displease by
Mahadev due to his character and ascetic lifestyle. (Some text mention that
Shiva and Shatyadev eloped and this was also one reason that Dakshya never
called them to Yaghya)
But when Sati find out that his
father is organizing cultural ceremony with all her sisters and their
husband, she show interest to go there. But without invitation her consort
refuse to go whereas Stubborn Sati prepare to go. Sati insist to go even
through Shiva try to convince her not to go and try to stop her. Then sati get
angry and manifest her ten form resulting origin of DASAMAHABIDHYAS. Then she
ran to yagha from ten directions so that Mahadev can’t stop her.
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| Dasa Mahabidhyas |
However, in contrast another story
tell us that while playing with Shiva, Parvati somehow made Shiva to walk out
of game. But she didn’t want him to walk out. So, she manifest herself into ten
times with her power and make Shiva to stop by being in ten direction. She then
show him love and state that she is supreme power and no one can escape from
her.
But when we look at all those ten
names of devis those name can be found different according to variety of texts.
But name mention on Mundamala Tantra is taken as stander, which are:
Kali, Tara, Shodashi, Bhuvaneshwori,
Bhairavi, Chinnamasta, Dhumabati, Bagalamukhi, Matangi and Kamala.
As mention before some names are different according to texts. In
Sammohana Tantra some names are given as:
Caṇḍeśvarī, Laghu śyāmā and Tripuṭā,
Vanadurgā, śūlinī, Aśvārūḍhā,
Trailokyavijayā, Vārāhī and Annapūrṇā.
Bagalamukhi, Nepal
Some argue that there is group of
12 goddess adding Annapurna & Durga to the list. Name of their consort are
Naradbhairav and Dasharaktra respectively.
These Devi also have their consort
as. They are:
Kali Mahakal
Tara Aksobhya
Shodashi Laliteshwor
Bhuvanashwori Mahadev
Bhairavi Bhatuk Bhairav
Chinnamasta Birkal
Dhumabati Kalbhairav
Bagalamukhi Mitrunjaya
Matangi Shadashiva
Kamala Narayan
However, Dhumabati is consider as
widow and no consort are shown. Despite of this sometime her consort is said to
be Kalbhairav or Ghora bahirav. Additionally, Shodashi is often name as Tripura
Sundari.
These Mahabidhyas are consider as Kul
devetas as well and as these gods were emerged from satyadevi. So, this group
of goddess were worship especially near those area where Sati’s part fell. For
example in Varanasi, Bishalachi is consider as Kul Devi and mahabidayas are
also worship there.
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